In satellite imaging, what does "spectral resolution" primarily indicate?

Spectral resolution primarily indicates the ability to distinguish between different wavelengths of light captured by a satellite sensor. This concept is essential in remote sensing and satellite imaging because it defines how many distinct spectral bands the sensor can detect and the width of those bands.

High spectral resolution means that a satellite can capture narrow bands of wavelengths, allowing for a more precise identification and analysis of materials on the Earth's surface based on their spectral signatures. For example, different vegetation types, minerals, and bodies of water reflect light at different wavelengths; thus, with high spectral resolution, these differences can be detected more accurately, facilitating tasks such as land cover classification, environmental monitoring, and resource management.

In contrast, other options relate to different aspects of satellite imaging. Lighting conditions affect the quality of the data captured but do not define spectral resolution. The technology used for data acquisition can influence the overall capabilities of the sensor but does not directly address spectral resolution itself. Finally, while overall image quality can be influenced by spectral resolution, it encompasses broader factors like spatial resolution and atmospheric conditions, which are separate considerations.