What does spectral resolution measure in satellite sensors?

Spectral resolution is a key characteristic of satellite sensors that refers to the specific bands and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that the sensor is capable of detecting. Different sensors are designed with varying spectral resolutions to collect data across different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible light, infrared, and beyond. This capability allows the sensor to capture a wide range of information about the Earth's surface, including identifying different materials, assessing land cover types, and monitoring environmental changes.

Higher spectral resolution typically means that the sensor can distinguish between narrower bands of wavelengths, which enhances its ability to detect subtle differences in materials. For instance, a sensor with excellent spectral resolution can differentiate between various vegetation types or assess the health of crops based on their spectral signature. This capability has significant applications in agriculture, forestry, environmental monitoring, and urban planning, making spectral resolution a critical factor in the effectiveness of remote sensing technologies.